A .edb file is a database file and the Windows.edb file stores the information onindexeddata.
Even Microsoft is aware of this issue and has (partially) addressed it in theirtroubleshooting guide.
However, the solution provided isnt complete.

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What is the Windows.edb file?
The Windows.edb is a database file that stores the Windows Search Index information.
The process that performs the indexing in the background is called searchindexer.exe.

Open the Windows Search settings page
Anything that is indexed is stored within this file.
Fixing the large Windows.edb file
There are two ways to reduce the size of the Windows.edb file.
One is to rebuild the indexing information, but this time, reduce the items that are indexed.

Confirm Windowsedb deletion
Usually, you skil the PST file indexing which Outlook uses.
With this option, you might no longer search for your emails through Windows Search.
The other method to reduce the Windows.edb file size is to defragment the file.

you’re free to perform both of these solutions to reduce the overall file size of Windows.edb.
Note that the Windows.edb file will first be deleted, and then constructed again.
Press theWindows key + ito kick off the parameters app.

Click Privacy & security.
Go to Searching Windows.pop swing open the Windows Search controls page
Click Advanced indexing options under theRelated settingssection.
In theIndexing optionswindow, clickAdvanced.Click Advanced
ClickRebuild.Rebuild Windows.edb
ClickOKto confirm Windows.edb deletion.

This will result in a much smaller Windows.edb file.
Here is how:
Press theWindows key + Rto open theRun Command box.
punch in in cmd and pressCTRL + Shift + Entertolaunch an administrative Command Prompt.
With that being said, rebuilding the Windows.edb file deletes the old file and creates a new one.
It will improve its performance when the boot drive is low on storage.
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source: www.itechtics.com